The year of 2011 has surely been one of problems and headaches for our global leaders. On the one hand, structural crises menace in several dimensions the stability of the world economy as we know it, with Greece waiting for another costly bailout to take place and the U.S. struggling to reach a bipartisan agreement over how to avoid defaulting on its debt - an issue that some analysts believe would pose deadly problems to the already fragile economy of the industrial world. And on the other, natural disasters appear to be intensifying over time, increasing the rates at which droughts, floods and earthquakes are happening as well as the scale and scope of their damages and costs. In the meantime, terrorism walks silently in the sidelines waiting to strike at any time in any place, under new forms and ideological drives that further entangle its configuration and understanding. The attacks in Norway will certainly bring more doubts and fears to both public opinion and policymakers whose semantic conception of the War on Terror was primarily anchored on the Manichean construction separating the good-doers from the evil-makers based on the actors behind the 9/11 attacks.
And as though the latter topics were not sufficient to keep newspapers busy enough with eye-catching headlines, now we find the Horn of Africa facing the worst food crisis of its already calamitous history. The situation is as distressing as to have led the Minster of Agriculture of France to call on immediate measures to avoid what he believes could turn into the "disaster of the century" - a potential famine threatening to end more than 10 million human lives.
The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) warns that the food crisis is constantly escalating, with 12 million people in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia and Uganda requiring emergency assistance. The main factor driving the crisis is the current drought the region is facing, which has affected dramatically agricultural cycles, killed livestock and thus made access to food supplies chronically scarce. This issue, however, has been exacerbated by the rise in worldwide food prices and tribal conflicts, which add several layers to the complexity of the problem since the viability of any intended solution is highly vulnerable to whatever outcome these two exogenous variables throw. It therefore becomes imperative to address this problem holistically, moreover if we take into account that about 80% of the population in the Horn of Africa is dependent on agriculture as their main source of food and income, as estimated by the FAO.
However, I believe that neither short-term nor long-term solutions for this problem can neglect the correlation between the three variables causing this problem (climate change, global food prices, tribal conflicts). The first issue, climate change, will make weather gradually more unpredictable over time, affecting not only regions in Africa but also European countries highly susceptible to long periods of drought such as Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Bulgaria, as well as peripheral countries whose crops have already been badly damaged by floods, such is the case of Canada, Australia and Russia. The latter affects supply which in turns triggers demand and therefore has an averse effect in the global food price index, our second variable in the problem. According to World Bank chief Robert Zoellick, the current food prices are as high as to be "one shock away from a full-fledged crisis". And this shock is not far away from happening, if we consider the direct effect caused on global food prices by geopolitcal events such as the Egyptian uprising, or economic policies such as QE2 that flood quasi-stagnant economies with liquidity, which has the sideffect of providing speculators with the necessary capital to influence the curve of strategic commodities in world markets. The third issue, tribal conflict, will only prove to become more insoluble if drastic steps to mitigate the risks implicit in the latter two issues are not taken properly, since any short-term attempts to overcome the problem in the form of humanitarian aid and agricultural subsidies will most likely be hampered by these rebel groups, worsening thus the countries' ability to cope with the disaster.
For these reasons the food crisis causing pain and suffering to millions in the Horn of Africa matters. It matters because is not only Africa's problem, it is also our problem since it proves to be a real-life scenario of climate change affecting cycles of food production in regions where agricultural practices represent the principal means of survival. It matters because a continuing increase in global food price index caused by sudden fluctuations in agricultural prices will mean that millions will be further thrown into the desperate situation of starvation, due to a real decrease in their ever-fragile purchasing power. And it matters because failing Africa would mean writing in the books of history the worst humanitarian crisis ever, doubling in scale the numbers of The Holocaust, and in scope the existing moral gap in regards to the conception of the human civilization and its discontents.
